1 Fundamentals of Energy Analysis of Dryers - Wiley-VCH
1) Thermal inefficiencies in the dryer: exhaust heat content in convective dryers, sensible heating of solids, heat losses from dryer body. 2) Thermal inefficiencies in the utility (heat supply) system: steam generation efficiency, steam leaks and mains losses. 3) Additional energy demands: power for solids transport, vacuum pumps and air fans.
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